In New York in 2014, two moms did exactly what many other same sex parents had done for years: they applied for a second parent adoption. But when Judge Margarita Torres refused to grant the second parent adoption—arguing that marriage equality rendered it unnecessary since both spouses were clearly parents—the women were baffled. Some advocates for parenting and marriage equality agreed with the judge and cheered the decision while others worried that it wasn’t so clear cut. What if the women eventually moved to another state that didn’t recognize their union? After all, this was before federal marriage equality. The...